Education Requirement Part 2
Education Requirement Part 3
 
 

  

Why a Successful Education and Life
REQUIRES
  the Adequate Use of Dictionaries. 
(Part 1)

Here are three areas of references.  The first reference is a February, 1973 Reader’s Digest  article titled “Is Your Vocabulary Good Enough?” written by Blake Clark.  The subtitle of this article is: 

 

"Success in almost any field goes
      hand in hand with the number of words you know
              - and that's a number that anyone can boost."

 

Consecutive paragraphs from that article are:
According to Paul Diederich, of Educational Testing Service, which prepares and administers standardized tests for educational institutions, hundreds of studies (emphasis added) have
demonstrated that college students’ performance
correlates closely with their vocabulary scores. 
Aptitudes, says Johnson O’Connor, point the way
that one should take; vocabulary determines

how far you go
(emphasis added.)
Why is vocabulary so vital?  Because
words are the instruments with which we grasp
the thoughts of others and with which we do more
of our own thinking.  We develop our minds chiefly by reading, listening to, speaking and writing words
A good vocabulary enables us to communicate with greater subtlety and precision than a limited one.  It’s the difference between playing golf with a driver, nine-iron and putter as against having a full set of clubs – there are some situations that you can handle only poorly if you don’t have the full range of tools.

 

Here are two other sentences from this article:
O’Connor estimates that about 3500 words
represent the difference between a below-average  (20th percentile) vocabulary and a near-superior (70th percentile) one."
The more words you know, the more ideas you have – and the abler you are to think clearly, make right decisions, take advantage of opportunities and deal capably with your life.
How successful do you want your education to be?  How successful and how far do you want to go in your chosen occupation?  Well – how adequately do you use a dictionary? 
The second reference has some quotes from some summarized results of different studies of the Johnson O’Connor Research Foundation.  These quotes support the Johnson O’Connor quote in the previous reference “…vocabulary determines how far you go.…”    Please see these quotes below:
“Individuals with strong verbal skills are 85% more likely to achieve their career goals.  “An extensive vocabulary accompanies success more often than any other single characteristic.
“Your financial earnings coincide more closely with a large and exact English vocabulary than with any other measurable factor.
“Every word learned over and above the normal vocabulary generally leads to a larger annual salary.”

 

This last reference is a quote from Benjamin Franklin, from page 350 in the book The Real Benjamin Franklin:
 “As many of the terms of science are such as
you cannot have met with your common reading and may therefore be unacquainted with, I think it would  be well for you to have a good dictionary at hand, to  consult immediately when you meet with a word you do not comprehend the precise meaning of.
“This may at first seem troublesome and interrupting; but it is a trouble that will daily diminish, as you will daily find less and less occasion for your dictionary, as you become more acquainted with the terms;  and in the meantime you will read with more satisfaction, because with more  understanding (emphasis added).”

 

Before we depart from the above references for other topics, know that from the above Reader’s Digest reference that Educational Testing Service (ETS) exclusively does the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT’s), among other large and well known tests.  Notice that this conclusion is not drawn from 1 or 2 studies or from 20, 50, or 100 studies.  This conclusion is from hundreds of studies with the same, consistent results.
I think we can trust the accuracy of these hundreds of studies how necessary a good vocabulary is to a successful education.  Those many studies show that most people with very poor vocabularies tend to fail in education.  Could not knowing the words be a major cause of the failure of our education system?
 
Why do you have to know the meaning of each word precisely to understand a lesson?
This next section shows precisely how not understanding words causes lack of comprehension and even failure in education.
Take any sentence where one word has been left blank, for instance “Wait here until _______.”  If you were given that sentence as part of a lesson, would you object and say that harms understanding?  Would you tolerate that confusion? 
Take a newspaper or magazine clipping and with a black marker, blot out every 20th word, and then hand that to a friend to read.  Would your friend just calmly read that and claim he understands it?
Or would your friend gag at the attempt?  Would your friend be so definite and certain and emphatic about this as almost to say “Are you nuts?  No one could be expected to understand that without knowing the missing words.”
A blank space is the same as a not understood word, neither one understood.  But if each of those missing words were included but not understood, somehow many students keep reading past that point, vaguely trying to guess the meaning.  Too many students tolerate feeling blank as to what words mean.
A student reads “This scuba gear displaces two gallons of water in the tank” and tells the instructor he can not understand that sentence.  It is a proof of the necessity of looking up words that not until the misunderstood word is found and looked up – that “magically” the overall sentence is understood.” 
(Incidentally, displaces here means to replace a volume of liquid with a floating or submerged object, forcing the original liquid to move elsewhere.)
You can test this yourself when you next look up a word – see how much more the overall sentence comes into focus. 
Not understanding that one word harms understanding the whole sentence.  Plus later sentences are often based on and require that earlier sentence be understood.  Not understanding one word in a sentence is often the beginning of a type of cancer, with many following sentences also not being understood.
Too many students if quizzed after reading a chapter would have no idea, a mistaken idea, or only a vague idea of what quite a few of those words mean.  Many students imagine that making vague guesses what the overall sentence means is quite acceptable.  But all they achieve at best is a vague understanding of that sentence, and at worst misunderstanding and confusion.
The failure in our education system is the failure of students to comprehend the lessons.  Not knowing what words mean all by itself can make an education fail.

 

Many students dislike looking up words the regular way.

It is important to look up not understood words that are encountered while studying, whether those words are read or heard.  So why don’t some students look up the words?  Because they dislike going to that effort. 

Similarly, more people call “Information” for a phone number than use a telephone book, even with that cost per call, often when a telephone book is right there – – because they do not like to look up alphabetical entries the regular way. 

Any claim that no one minds looking up words is proved false by the fact of so many not understood words.  Any presumption that everyone already knows the words is proved false just from the Reader’s Digest quote at the start of this article.  Those hundreds of studies show that many students do not know the words.  Vocabulary is a major problem and cause of much education failure.

The fact of so many not understood words shows that many people do mind using dictionaries.  Or else many more of these words would be understood.

 

About the most basic requirement in education is to know what the words mean.

The first two references in this article demonstrate that having a good vocabulary tends to mean a successful education and a successful life. 

Using a dictionary more adequately is not something that is confined to any “elite.”  Regardless of whatever ethnic, racial, poverty, or cultural background any student has, each student has the opportunity and liberty to look up not understood words and so improve his or her education and life.

However much any teacher encourages a student to look up not understood words, it is finally for the student to decide to do this on his or her own, to improve the student’s education and life.  Whatever any teacher says, it is still each student who has the responsibility to look up the words.  After all, it is the student who knows each time a not understood word is passed by.  A teacher can not be expected at each moment to read a student’s mind and come rushing over to tell the student to look up that word.

There is no way around this education necessity.  Looking up words is a minor expense of being able to understand the lessons.

After your education years are over, not knowing what words here and there mean can harm your life.  On the job being vague and confused, not understanding and making errors, tends to get one fired.  In the private areas of personal happiness, self-esteem, and developing a personal philosophy – it is not helpful to go through life being confused and misunderstanding what is going on.  Education is not only to serve one’s finances, and the personal areas of education are also served by knowing what the words mean. 

Not knowing what words mean is about the largest problem in education, causing about the most damage in education.  This is about the largest crippler of comprehension there is.

We do not need to look for some new intellectual and fancy theory why so many educations and careers fail.  Overlooking the fundamental requirement to know what words mean all by itself can destroy an education and a career.  True, there are other factors that are important for a successful education.  But knowing what the words mean is about the most basic and important of all education requirements, and too often this is being broadly ignored.

If you can not understand a sentence, you may have to look earlier.

You may come across a sentence that you just can not understand, where you know all the words in that sentence.  It may surprise you if you look and find a word that you did not know two pages earlier.  You may notice that you never understood very well anything you read from that earlier sentence on.  Looking up that word and rereading from that earlier sentence on, you may be surprised that when you arrive at that sentence two pages later, that finally you can understand the later sentence.

 

Devastation caused throughout a whole course.

Misunderstanding one word on page 2 of a book would at least somewhat change the meaning of that word’s sentence, and quite possibly also the meaning of many following sentences.  That cancer could carry all the way through the rest of that book.  Sometimes not understanding just one word can cause large devastation.

There may also be 50 or 100 other cancers that got started throughout the rest of that book – – from 50 or 100 other words along the way that also were not understood.

A student at the end of a course – instead of having a crisp, nonconflicting view of that course – can have a mishmash of vague, conflicting, confused and not understood thoughts on the subject.

When a student gets a C or a D on a final exam, not understanding some words along the way could account for all of that.  If that student had looked up 50 or 100 words along the way – maybe an extra five hours or so for that whole course – that student might have got an A.

That student might have precisely understood that whole course – with no vagueness, confusion, reservations about what was going on – if he had merely looked up some more words.

The author who wrote that class’s textbook probably had a clean, nonconflicting view of that subject.  That author wanted to pass along his clean, unconflicted understanding to that student.  But if the student is not going to cooperate by knowing what the words mean, that author can not be held responsible for the mishmash C or D level of understanding that can easily result.

It is not such a complete mystery why our education system is failing.  Lots of new research looking for fancy new theories-of-the-month is not necessarily needed.  Merely not knowing what the words mean, all by itself, can make an education fail.

Some theorists can have all kinds of theories of what is harming education, but may not include among those this major harmer of education.  When will this major problem in education stop being ignored, in preference for trying to find fancy new theories-of-the-month?

 

This is a Solution, not just another band-aid.

Two ways to approach a problem is to provide a solution or a band-aid.  A band-aid allows a problem to continue, but tries to reduce the problem.  A solution gets rid of the problem.

For instance, one band-aid is to provide expensive tutorials to students, who after years of not looking up hundreds or thousands of words, may be generally and broadly confused about one or all subjects of study.  A solution to avoid that problem in the first place, is for each student to look up each not understood word when originally encountered.

A large part of the problem of inadequate dictionary use is students disliking the difficulty of using ordinary dictionaries.  This improved dictionary, U.S. Patent No. 4,813,710, is the best answer to making book dictionaries easier to use.  This improved dictionary will make it easier for you to have a successful education and a successful life.

This improved dictionary is actually faster and more convenient than a tabletop computer dictionary – if a person has to walk one or two rooms away where that computer may be, or has to wait a minute or two to turn on that computer and set it up for dictionary use.  This can be as fast as one of those about 4 by 6 inch portable computer dictionaries, where that tiny and hard-to-use keyboard takes extra time – and besides, that tiny screen requires the inconvenience of scrolling up and down to see the rest of the definition.  This improved book dictionary is also much more affordable than the two computers just mentioned or a laptop computer.

 

How this improved dictionary would help your life.

A successful education and life (as proved by the references at the start of this article) requires the adequate use of dictionaries.

This improved dictionary will be used more willingly, more often, and more adequately.  This is the only practical way to make the chore of looking up words in a book dictionary much easier to do.

This improved dictionary will make it much easier for you to have a successful education and a successful life.

 

This improved dictionary has not yet been published, and may never be published.  Your help is needed.

Publishing this improved dictionary would much help education while making large income for dictionary companies.  But no dictionary company yet in the first thirteen years of this patent has published this dictionary. 

You could write to dictionary companies and request that they do what would help society’s education and their own pocketbook, saying that you would prefer this easier-to-use dictionary. Please see the last Website article “Contacting Dictionary Companies” for names, addresses, E-mail addresses, etc.”

You can refer to two of the other articles on this Website, titled “Are Dictionary Companies Helping Enough?” and “Emergency.  This must be published SOON.”  These two articles will tell you why this improved dictionary may never be published, unless you in the public request/demand  that at least one dictionary company does the right thing.

(There is another article “Education Requirement, Part 2” following this article that will give you more information how to improve your education and your life.

 

Alexander Weilgart
2337 Harrison Street
Oakland, CA 94612-3760

Copyright © 2002
Alexander Weilgart
All Rights Reserved

 

 

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I, Alexander Weilgart, did all the writing on all the articles in this Website,  and I personally paid for this Website.   To play it safe, this Website is to be considered a "private enterprise."  On the other hand, I chose to donate free mention of Comprehension Project, Inc. and its activities in this Website, to help that nonprofit organization's concerns.