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Why a
Successful Education and Life
REQUIRES the Adequate Use of
Dictionaries.
(Part 1) |
Here are three areas of
references. The first reference is a February, 1973 Reader’s Digest
article titled “Is Your Vocabulary Good Enough?” written by Blake Clark.
The subtitle of this article is: |
"Success in almost any field goes
hand in hand with the number of words you know
-
and that's a number that anyone can boost." |
Consecutive paragraphs from that article are: |
“According
to Paul Diederich, of Educational Testing Service,
which prepares and administers standardized tests
for educational institutions,
hundreds of studies
(emphasis added) have
demonstrated that
college students’ performance
correlates closely
with their vocabulary scores.
Aptitudes, says
Johnson O’Connor, point the way
that one should
take; vocabulary determines
how far you go
(emphasis added.) |
“Why
is vocabulary so vital? Because
words are the
instruments with which we grasp
the thoughts of
others and with which we do more
of our own
thinking. We develop our minds chiefly by reading, listening to,
speaking and writing words |
A good vocabulary
enables us to communicate with greater subtlety and precision than a limited
one. It’s the difference
between playing golf with a driver, nine-iron and putter
as against having a full set of clubs – there are
some situations that you can handle only poorly
if you don’t have the full range of tools.” |
Here are two other sentences from this article: |
“O’Connor
estimates that about 3500 words
represent the difference between a below-average (20th
percentile) vocabulary and a near-superior (70th
percentile) one." |
“The
more words you know, the more ideas you have
– and the abler you are to think clearly,
make right decisions, take advantage of
opportunities and deal capably with your life.” |
How successful do you want
your education to be? How successful and how far do you want to go in your
chosen occupation? Well – how adequately do you use a dictionary?
|
The second reference has
some quotes from some summarized results of different studies of the Johnson
O’Connor Research Foundation. These quotes support the Johnson O’Connor
quote in the previous reference “…vocabulary determines how far you go.…”
Please see these quotes below: |
“Individuals with strong verbal skills are 85% more likely to
achieve their career goals. “An extensive vocabulary accompanies success more often
than any other single characteristic. |
“Your financial earnings coincide more closely with a large
and exact English vocabulary than with any other
measurable factor. |
“Every word learned over and above the normal
vocabulary generally leads to a larger annual
salary.” |
This last reference is a
quote from Benjamin Franklin, from page 350 in the book The Real Benjamin
Franklin: |
“As many of the terms of science are such as
you cannot have met
with your common reading and may therefore be
unacquainted with, I think it would be well for you to
have a good dictionary at hand, to consult immediately
when you meet with a word you do not comprehend
the precise meaning of. |
“This may at first seem troublesome and interrupting; but it
is a trouble that will daily diminish, as you will daily
find less and less occasion for your dictionary, as you
become more acquainted with the terms; and in
the meantime you will read
with more
satisfaction, because with more understanding
(emphasis added).” |
Before we depart from the
above references for other topics, know that from the above Reader’s
Digest reference that Educational Testing Service (ETS) exclusively does
the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT’s), among other large and well known
tests. Notice that this conclusion is not drawn from 1 or 2 studies or from
20, 50, or 100 studies. This conclusion is from hundreds of studies
with the same, consistent results. |
I think we can trust the
accuracy of these hundreds of studies how necessary a good vocabulary is to
a successful education. Those many studies show that most people with very
poor vocabularies tend to fail in education. Could not knowing the words be
a major cause of the failure of our education system? |
|
Why do you have to know the meaning of
each word precisely to understand a lesson? |
This next section shows
precisely how not understanding words causes lack of comprehension
and even failure in education. |
Take any sentence where
one word has been left blank, for instance “Wait here until _______.” If
you were given that sentence as part of a lesson, would you object and say
that harms understanding? Would you tolerate that confusion?
|
Take a newspaper or
magazine clipping and with a black marker, blot out every 20th word, and
then hand that to a friend to read. Would your friend just calmly read that
and claim he understands it? |
Or would your friend gag
at the attempt? Would your friend be so definite and certain and emphatic
about this as almost to say “Are you nuts? No one could be expected to
understand that without knowing the missing words.” |
A blank space is the
same as a not understood word, neither one understood. But if
each of those missing words were included but not understood, somehow many
students keep reading past that point, vaguely trying to guess the meaning.
Too many students tolerate feeling blank as to what words mean. |
A student reads “This
scuba gear displaces two gallons of water in the tank” and tells the
instructor he can not understand that sentence. It is a proof of the
necessity of looking up words that not until the misunderstood word is
found and looked up – that “magically” the overall sentence is
understood.” |
(Incidentally,
displaces here means to replace a volume of liquid with a floating or
submerged object, forcing the original liquid to move elsewhere.) |
You can test this yourself
when you next look up a word – see how much more the overall sentence comes
into focus. |
Not understanding that one
word harms understanding the whole sentence. Plus later sentences
are often based on and require that earlier sentence be understood. Not
understanding one word in a sentence is often the beginning of a type of
cancer, with many following sentences also not being understood. |
Too many students if
quizzed after reading a chapter would have no idea, a mistaken
idea, or only a vague idea of what quite a few of those words mean.
Many students imagine that making vague guesses what the overall sentence
means is quite acceptable. But all they achieve at best is a
vague understanding of that sentence, and at worst
misunderstanding and confusion. |
The failure in our
education system is the failure of students to comprehend the lessons. Not
knowing what words mean all by itself can make an education fail. |
Many students dislike looking up words
the regular way. |
It is important to look
up not understood words that are encountered while studying, whether those
words are read or heard. So why don’t some students look up the words?
Because they dislike going to that effort.
Similarly, more people
call “Information” for a phone number than use a telephone book, even with
that cost per call, often when a telephone book is right there – – because
they do not like to look up alphabetical entries the regular way.
Any claim that no one
minds looking up words is proved false by the fact of so many not understood
words. Any presumption that everyone already knows the words is proved
false just from the Reader’s Digest quote at the start of this
article. Those hundreds of studies show that many students do not know the
words. Vocabulary is a major problem and cause of much
education failure.
The fact of so many not understood words shows that
many people do mind using dictionaries. Or else many more of these words
would be understood.
|
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About the most basic requirement in
education is to know what the words mean. |
The first two references
in this article demonstrate that having a good vocabulary tends to mean a
successful education and a successful life.
Using a dictionary more
adequately is not something that is confined to any “elite.” Regardless of
whatever ethnic, racial, poverty, or cultural background any student has,
each student has the opportunity and liberty to look up not understood words
and so improve his or her education and life.
However much any teacher
encourages a student to look up not understood words, it is finally for the
student to decide to do this on his or her own, to improve the student’s
education and life. Whatever any teacher says, it is still each student who
has the responsibility to look up the words. After all, it is the student
who knows each time a not understood word is passed by. A teacher can not
be expected at each moment to read a student’s mind and come rushing over to
tell the student to look up that word.
There is no way around
this education necessity. Looking up words is a minor expense of being able
to understand the lessons.
After your education years
are over, not knowing what words here and there mean can harm your life. On
the job being vague and confused, not understanding and making errors, tends
to get one fired. In the private areas of personal happiness, self-esteem,
and developing a personal philosophy – it is not helpful to go through life
being confused and misunderstanding what is going on. Education is not only
to serve one’s finances, and the personal areas of education are also served
by knowing what the words mean.
Not knowing what words
mean is about the largest problem in education, causing about the most
damage in education. This is about the largest crippler of comprehension
there is.
We do not need to look for
some new intellectual and fancy theory why so many educations and careers
fail. Overlooking the fundamental requirement to know what words mean all
by itself can destroy an education and a career. True, there are other
factors that are important for a successful education. But knowing what the
words mean is about the most basic and important of all education
requirements, and too often this is being broadly ignored.
If you can not understand a sentence, you may have
to look earlier.
You may come across a sentence that you just can not
understand, where you know all the words in that sentence. It may surprise
you if you look and find a word that you did not know two pages earlier.
You may notice that you never understood very well anything you read from
that earlier sentence on. Looking up that word and rereading from that
earlier sentence on, you may be surprised that when you arrive at that
sentence two pages later, that finally you can understand the later
sentence.
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Devastation caused throughout a whole
course. |
Misunderstanding one word on page 2 of a book would
at least somewhat change the meaning of that word’s sentence, and quite
possibly also the meaning of many following sentences. That cancer could
carry all the way through the rest of that book. Sometimes not
understanding just one word can cause large devastation.
There may also be 50 or
100 other cancers that got started throughout the rest of that book –
– from 50 or 100 other words along the way that also were not understood.
A student at the end of a
course – instead of having a crisp, nonconflicting view of that course – can
have a mishmash of vague, conflicting, confused and not understood thoughts
on the subject.
When a student gets a C or
a D on a final exam, not understanding some words along the way could
account for all of that. If that student had looked up 50 or 100 words
along the way – maybe an extra five hours or so for that whole course – that
student might have got an A.
That student might have
precisely understood that whole course – with no vagueness, confusion,
reservations about what was going on – if he had merely looked up some more
words.
The author who wrote that
class’s textbook probably had a clean, nonconflicting view of that subject.
That author wanted to pass along his clean, unconflicted understanding to
that student. But if the student is not going to cooperate by knowing what
the words mean, that author can not be held responsible for the mishmash C
or D level of understanding that can easily result.
It is not such a complete
mystery why our education system is failing. Lots of new research looking
for fancy new theories-of-the-month is not necessarily needed. Merely not
knowing what the words mean, all by itself, can make an education fail.
Some theorists can have
all kinds of theories of what is harming education, but may not include
among those this major harmer of education. When will this major problem in
education stop being ignored, in preference for trying to find fancy new
theories-of-the-month?
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This is a Solution, not just
another band-aid. |
Two ways to approach a
problem is to provide a solution or a band-aid. A band-aid allows a problem
to continue, but tries to reduce the problem. A solution gets rid of the
problem.
For instance, one band-aid
is to provide expensive tutorials to students, who after years of not
looking up hundreds or thousands of words, may be generally and broadly
confused about one or all subjects of study. A solution to avoid that
problem in the first place, is for each student to look up each not
understood word when originally encountered.
A large part of the
problem of inadequate dictionary use is students disliking the difficulty of
using ordinary dictionaries. This improved dictionary, U.S. Patent No.
4,813,710, is the best answer to making book dictionaries easier to use.
This improved dictionary will make it easier for you to have a successful
education and a successful life.
This improved dictionary
is actually faster and more convenient than a tabletop computer dictionary –
if a person has to walk one or two rooms away where that computer may be, or
has to wait a minute or two to turn on that computer and set it up for
dictionary use. This can be as fast as one of those about 4 by 6 inch
portable computer dictionaries, where that tiny and hard-to-use keyboard
takes extra time – and besides, that tiny screen requires the inconvenience
of scrolling up and down to see the rest of the definition. This improved
book dictionary is also much more affordable than the two computers just
mentioned or a laptop computer.
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How this improved dictionary would help
your life. |
A successful education and
life (as proved by the references at the start of this article) requires
the adequate use of dictionaries.
This improved dictionary
will be used more willingly, more often, and more adequately. This is the
only practical way to make the chore of looking up words in a book
dictionary much easier to do.
This improved dictionary
will make it much easier for you to have a successful education and a
successful life.
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This improved dictionary has not yet
been published, and may never be published. Your help is needed.
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Publishing this improved
dictionary would much help education while making large income for
dictionary companies. But no dictionary company yet in the first thirteen
years of this patent has published this dictionary.
You could write to
dictionary companies and request that they do what would help society’s
education and their own pocketbook, saying that you would prefer this
easier-to-use dictionary. Please see the last Website article “Contacting
Dictionary Companies” for names, addresses, E-mail addresses, etc.”
You can refer to two of
the other articles on this Website, titled “Are Dictionary Companies Helping
Enough?” and “Emergency. This must be published SOON.” These two articles
will tell you why this improved dictionary may never be published, unless
you in the public request/demand that at least one dictionary company does
the right thing.
(There is another article
“Education Requirement,
Part 2” following this article that will give you more information how to
improve your education and your life.
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Alexander Weilgart
2337 Harrison Street
Oakland, CA 94612-3760
Copyright © 2002
Alexander Weilgart
All Rights Reserved
Permission to
use this Copyright
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- as long as this Website address www.DictionaryIndex.com is mentioned as
to where to get further information.
_____________________________________________________________
I, Alexander Weilgart, did all the writing on all the
articles in this Website, and I personally paid for this Website. To play
it safe, this Website is to be considered a "private enterprise." On the
other hand, I chose to donate free mention of Comprehension Project, Inc.
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